GK Express of 29/01/2026
🚆 GK Express 2.0
Discipline • Clarity • Competitive Preparation
- National Voter's Day:
National Voters’ Day (NVD) was observed on 25th January, to celebrate democracy and encourage citizen participation in the electoral process.
NVD marks the foundation of the Election Commission of India (ECI), which was established on 25th January 1950 under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution. - SAMPANN and UMANG:The SAMPANN (System for Accounting and Management of Pension) pension management system has been integrated with the UMANG(Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) platform to provide digital access to key pension services for telecom pensioners.
Subject: Indian Economy
Topic: The Blue Economy
The "Blue Economy" refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystems.
Key Pillars:
- Fisheries & Aquaculture: Modernizing fishing for food security.
- Renewable Energy: Harnessing offshore wind and tidal energy.
- Maritime Transport: Developing ports and shipping (Sagarmala Project).
- Tourism: Developing coastal circuits and islands.
Government Initiative: The Deep Ocean Mission: It is India's ambitious plan to explore deep marine resources and biodiversity.
India has made rapid progress in digitalisation through Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker and e-Governance.
• Digital payments and internet usage have expanded across urban and rural areas.
• Digital Public Infrastructure has strengthened service delivery and financial inclusion.
Problems:
• Digital divide between urban–rural areas and rich–poor.
• Low digital literacy, especially among elderly and rural population.
• Cybersecurity threats and online frauds.
• Connectivity and last-mile infrastructure gaps. • Data privacy and trust issues.
Heavy water is a special type of water in which normal hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium, a heavier isotope of hydrogen.
Normal water: H₂O
Heavy water: D₂O (D = Deuterium)
Role of Heavy Water in India’s Nuclear Power Programme
1. Role 1: Heavy Water as a Moderator 🧠: It acts as a moderator, slowing down neutrons without absorbing them, which helps sustain the nuclear chain reaction.
2. Role 2: Heavy Water as a Coolant ❄️: It also works as a coolant, removing heat from the reactor core to produce electricity safely.
Use of heavy water allows India to use natural uranium, reducing dependence on enriched uranium.
Q.1 (UPSC 2019) Consider the following statements in respect of the digital rupee:
1. It is a sovereign currency issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in alignment with its monetary policy.
2. It appears as a liability on the RBI’s balance sheet.
3. It is insured against inflation by its very design.
4. It is freely convertible against commercial bank money and cash.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Explanation: Digital Currency is not insured against inflation by its design.
Q.2 (UPSC 2018) With reference to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the following: It has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits.
Explanation: The IRNSS (NavIC) constellation consists of 7 satellites. 3 are located in Geostationary Orbit (GEO) and 4 are in Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO). This specific configuration allows continuous coverage of the Indian region.
1. What is the difference between Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) and Geostationary Orbit (GSO) ?
2. Where is the headquarters of the ISRO located?
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